3, 4 We appraised each article using the QUADAS-2 tool. 95% CIs for sensitivity and specificity were calculated with the Wilson score method and 95% CIs for positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated with the method described by Simel et al. Wherever possible, we used the raw data to construct 2×2 tables. The primary outcome measure of interest was the accuracy of the test as measured by its sensitivity and specificity. We resolved disagreements through discussion with the third author (PG). In the case of duplicate publication, we selected the most complete version of the study. Two review authors (KM and JD) independently reviewed each paper for inclusion according to the predefined inclusion criteria, rated the study quality and then extracted relevant data. The titles and abstracts of all search results were screened by two authors (KM and JD) and full manuscripts for all potential relevant papers were obtained. We selected studies in a two-stage process. The aim of this review was to identify the techniques used to diagnose fractures using a tuning fork and assess all studies of the diagnostic accuracy of tuning fork tests for the presence of fracture. Using a stethoscope to listen to the sound over a bony prominence proximal to the fracture site, the fracture is detected by a reduction in the sound conducted along the bone compared to the unaffected limb. The second method uses a vibrating tuning fork placed over a bony prominence distal to the fracture site. 2 The pain stops or decreases with the removal of the tuning fork. Because the periosteum is heavily innervated, mechanical vibration over a fracture site stimulates the overlying periosteum, causing pain. The first method uses a vibrating tuning fork placed directly over, or closely proximal to the suspected fracture site. Two methods of using tuning forks to detect fracture(s) have been developed. One test which was proposed at least 60 years ago is the use of a tuning fork. Other clinical tests for fracture may then assist in decision making. We think wrought aluminum makes a superior tuning fork, and you can see, feel, and hear the difference.Although imaging for suspected fractures is generally cheap and readily accessible, there are situations such as remote settings, where imaging is not readily available. The metal will not fatigue over time, and the forks will stay on frequency, even after years of use. And because the metal is heat-treated, it is tempered, making it very strong. Every fork undergoes a special hand tuning process to assure accuracy within +/. No top-heavy forks here that will tire your hand! We serve a professional sound healing community around the world and offer only High Quality Tuning Forks Made In the USA. In addition, our forks have longer handles and shorter tines, keeping everything in perfect balance. Instead, all of our forks are made from a heat-treated, lead-free, wrought aluminum alloy which has been chosen for its strength, light weight, and superior conductivity of sound waves. Our tuning forks are NOT made from cast aluminum, which is heavier and has a very poor finish. The entire process is much more costly but produces a very different product. The wrought metal is formed into uniform bars, sheets, plates, etc. Aluminum-Magnesium alloys are lighter than other aluminum alloys. The most common additive is magnesium, which gives it a great deal of strength. Instead of pouring molten metal into a mold, it is extruded, rolled, or pounded, (wrought) into various solid shapes. Wrought aluminum is a very high demanding metal, commonly used where even greater strength is needed (aerospace), along with corrosion resistance and ductility. The most common additives used in this process are silicon and zinc, which adds some strength to the mixture and allows for a smooth casting process. Cast aluminum has a lower tensile strength and is very cost effective to produce. The mold is often made out of sand, and can be used over and over again, thus making the process inexpensive. What Is The Difference?Ĭasting aluminum is a lower melting point alloy that is poured into a mold from a molten state. These classifications can be further sub-divided in heat-treated, and non-heat-treated. Aluminum Alloys can be divided into two classifications - casting aluminum, and wrought aluminum. These different alloys are used in combination to add strength, corrosion resistance, ductility, etc. Typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin, and zinc. There are many types and grades of aluminum alloy which are used for many different purposes. We get asked this question a lot: Why do your forks cost more than the ones I see on Ebay, or on some other websites? Let us show you the difference! First, not all metals are created equally.
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